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IEEE 442
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IEEE 442 1981 Edition, January 1, 1981 Guide for Soil Thermal Resistivity Measurements
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Description / Abstract:
Foreword
Throughout the years, many utilities, consultants, and testing firms have measured soil thermal resistivity both in situ and in the laboratory on selected soil samples. Such measurements have utilized various types of equipment and measurement techniques. In many cases, these testing methods have yielded inaccurate or inconsistent measurements of soil thermal resistivity. This has been attributed to the unavailability of commercial testing equipment and the lack of standardization associated with the measurements.
The Insulated Conductors Committee, recognizing the need for industry guidelines for the measurement of soil thermal resistivity, organized a working group of Subcommittee 12, Tests and Measurements, to write this needed guide. During the preparation of this guide, members of the working group made many round-robin tests and measurements on selected soil samples. The expertise developed during these tests is reflected in many parts of this guide.
The IEEE will maintain this guide current with changes in the state of technology. However, comments or suggestions for additions are invited on this guide. These should be addressed to:
Secretary
IEEE Standards Committee
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc
345 East 47th Street
New York, NY 10017
USA
The membership and individuals contributing to the writing of this guide and the performance of the round-robin tests consisted of the following:
M. A. Martin, Jr , Chair
Mr. A. F. Baljet
Mr. R. A. Bush
Mr. D. Clarke
Mr. J. R. Easterling
Mr. M. L. Fenger
Mr. S. W. Margolin
Mr. J. J. Rueckert
Mr. J. Stolpe
Dr. W. W. Welna
At the tune this guide was approved the members of the Test and Measurements Subcommittee were:
T. A. Balaska , Chair
C. F. Ackerman
E. M. Allam
A.M. Aubrey
A. T. Baker
A. F. Baljet
R. Bartnikas
E. W. Bennett
C. W. Baldes
L. A. Bondon
J. A. Bradley
R. A. Burkhardt
M. D. Calcumuggio
P. Chowdhuri
W. Cole
J. E. Conley
W. F. Constantine
J. N. Cooper
F. V. Cunningham
J. Densley
E. K. Duffy
G. S. Eager
N. W. Edgerton
R. M. Eichorn
A. Fitspatrick
E. O. Forster
R.W. Foster
R. D. Fulcomer
J. B. Gardner
J. Garland
A. Garschick
D. W. Gasda
S. Gerhard
W.R. Goldbach
O.K. Gratzol
R. A. Guba
L. F. Hamilton
C. A. Hatstat
J. G. C. Henderson
W. J. Herbert
V. Herter
H. C. Hervig, Jr
R. R. Howard
H. I. Jehan
C. V. Johnson
R. J. Kasper
L. J. Kelly
W. B. Kenyon
F. Kimsey
M. Kopchik, Jr
J. R. Kushner
F. E. LaFetra
A. F. LaScala
J. S. Lasky
R. H. Lee
R. E. Leuch
T. H. Ling
R. Lukac
G. E. Lusk
R. Luther
E. A. MacKenzie
M. A. Martin, Jr
I. J. Marwick
E. J. McGowan
A. L. McKean
M. I. F. Monzon
C. E. Muhleman
J. H. Nicholas
M. G. Noble
H. Orton
J. J. Pachot
A. S. Paniri
W. M. Pate
J. R. Perkins
K. A. Petty
C. A. Pieroni
J. S. Pirrong
J. O. Punderson
J. G. Quin
P. H. Reynolds
N. M. Sacks
C. Saldivar
D. Sandwick y
E. L. Sankey
A. Sansores
G.W. Seman
J. J. Shortall
N. Singh
H. B. Slade
D. E. Soffrin
N. Srinivas
W. T. Starr
J. L. Steiner
R. Thayer
K. Tomori
R. T. Traut
P. D. Tuttle
J. R. Tuzinski
C. F. von Hermann
J. F. Wagner
E. M. Walton
R. H. W. Watkins
W. D. Wilkens
O. L. Willis
P. J. Wilson
R.T. Zukowski
When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on March 5, 1981, it had the following membership:
I. N. Howell, Jr, Chair
Irving Kolodny, Vice Chair
Sava I. Sherr, Secretary
G. Y. R. Allen
J. H. Beall
J. T. Boettger
Edward Chelotti
Edward J. Cohen
Warren H. Cook
Len S. Corey
Jay Forster
Kurt Greene
Loering M. Johnson
Joseph L. Koepfinger
J. E. May
Donald T. Michael *
F. Rosa
R.W. Seelbach
J.S. Stewart
W.E. Vannah
Virginius N. Vaughan, Jr
Art Wall
Robert E. Weiler
Scope
This guide covers the measurement of soil thermal resistivity. A thorough knowledge of the thermal properties of a soil will enable the user to properly install and load underground cables. The method used is based on the theory that the rate of temperature rise of a line heat source is dependent upon the thermal constants of the medium in which it is placed. The designs for both laboratory and field thermal needles are also described in this guide.
Throughout the years, many utilities, consultants, and testing firms have measured soil thermal resistivity both in situ and in the laboratory on selected soil samples. Such measurements have utilized various types of equipment and measurement techniques. In many cases, these testing methods have yielded inaccurate or inconsistent measurements of soil thermal resistivity. This has been attributed to the unavailability of commercial testing equipment and the lack of standardization associated with the measurements.
The Insulated Conductors Committee, recognizing the need for industry guidelines for the measurement of soil thermal resistivity, organized a working group of Subcommittee 12, Tests and Measurements, to write this needed guide. During the preparation of this guide, members of the working group made many round-robin tests and measurements on selected soil samples. The expertise developed during these tests is reflected in many parts of this guide.
The IEEE will maintain this guide current with changes in the state of technology. However, comments or suggestions for additions are invited on this guide. These should be addressed to:
Secretary
IEEE Standards Committee
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc
345 East 47th Street
New York, NY 10017
USA
The membership and individuals contributing to the writing of this guide and the performance of the round-robin tests consisted of the following:
M. A. Martin, Jr , Chair
Mr. A. F. Baljet
Mr. R. A. Bush
Mr. D. Clarke
Mr. J. R. Easterling
Mr. M. L. Fenger
Mr. S. W. Margolin
Mr. J. J. Rueckert
Mr. J. Stolpe
Dr. W. W. Welna
At the tune this guide was approved the members of the Test and Measurements Subcommittee were:
T. A. Balaska , Chair
C. F. Ackerman
E. M. Allam
A.M. Aubrey
A. T. Baker
A. F. Baljet
R. Bartnikas
E. W. Bennett
C. W. Baldes
L. A. Bondon
J. A. Bradley
R. A. Burkhardt
M. D. Calcumuggio
P. Chowdhuri
W. Cole
J. E. Conley
W. F. Constantine
J. N. Cooper
F. V. Cunningham
J. Densley
E. K. Duffy
G. S. Eager
N. W. Edgerton
R. M. Eichorn
A. Fitspatrick
E. O. Forster
R.W. Foster
R. D. Fulcomer
J. B. Gardner
J. Garland
A. Garschick
D. W. Gasda
S. Gerhard
W.R. Goldbach
O.K. Gratzol
R. A. Guba
L. F. Hamilton
C. A. Hatstat
J. G. C. Henderson
W. J. Herbert
V. Herter
H. C. Hervig, Jr
R. R. Howard
H. I. Jehan
C. V. Johnson
R. J. Kasper
L. J. Kelly
W. B. Kenyon
F. Kimsey
M. Kopchik, Jr
J. R. Kushner
F. E. LaFetra
A. F. LaScala
J. S. Lasky
R. H. Lee
R. E. Leuch
T. H. Ling
R. Lukac
G. E. Lusk
R. Luther
E. A. MacKenzie
M. A. Martin, Jr
I. J. Marwick
E. J. McGowan
A. L. McKean
M. I. F. Monzon
C. E. Muhleman
J. H. Nicholas
M. G. Noble
H. Orton
J. J. Pachot
A. S. Paniri
W. M. Pate
J. R. Perkins
K. A. Petty
C. A. Pieroni
J. S. Pirrong
J. O. Punderson
J. G. Quin
P. H. Reynolds
N. M. Sacks
C. Saldivar
D. Sandwick y
E. L. Sankey
A. Sansores
G.W. Seman
J. J. Shortall
N. Singh
H. B. Slade
D. E. Soffrin
N. Srinivas
W. T. Starr
J. L. Steiner
R. Thayer
K. Tomori
R. T. Traut
P. D. Tuttle
J. R. Tuzinski
C. F. von Hermann
J. F. Wagner
E. M. Walton
R. H. W. Watkins
W. D. Wilkens
O. L. Willis
P. J. Wilson
R.T. Zukowski
When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on March 5, 1981, it had the following membership:
I. N. Howell, Jr, Chair
Irving Kolodny, Vice Chair
Sava I. Sherr, Secretary
G. Y. R. Allen
J. H. Beall
J. T. Boettger
Edward Chelotti
Edward J. Cohen
Warren H. Cook
Len S. Corey
Jay Forster
Kurt Greene
Loering M. Johnson
Joseph L. Koepfinger
J. E. May
Donald T. Michael *
F. Rosa
R.W. Seelbach
J.S. Stewart
W.E. Vannah
Virginius N. Vaughan, Jr
Art Wall
Robert E. Weiler
Scope
This guide covers the measurement of soil thermal resistivity. A thorough knowledge of the thermal properties of a soil will enable the user to properly install and load underground cables. The method used is based on the theory that the rate of temperature rise of a line heat source is dependent upon the thermal constants of the medium in which it is placed. The designs for both laboratory and field thermal needles are also described in this guide.