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Description / Abstract:
FOREWORD
THIS comparatively short list of symbols is an attempt to be universal rather than comprehensive. Reasonable conformity has been achieved with the symbols in such basic fields as mechanics and closely associated fields such as aerodynamics. The subfields of hydraulics that have been reviewed in composing this list of symbols is extensive, the principal ones being:
a. Hydraulic Turbo-Machinery
b. Water Waved
c. Sediment Transport
d. Hydrology
e. Industrial Hydraulics f. Water Hammer
g. Naval Architecture
In some of these subfields, workers have essentially standardized their symbols. In Water Hammer, the ASME Hydraulics Division, Committee on Water Hammer are in agreement on the symbols recommended in 1933. For Water, the University of California 1951 report "Waves. Tides and Beached: Glossary of Terms and List of Standard Symbols, " (Report Series 3 – Issue 333), represents a reasonable standard. In the field of Naval Architecture, international agreement has been reached on a List of Symbols adopted in 1951 by the Sixth International Conference of Ship Tank Superintendents (Proceedings published by SNAME, 1953, pp. 13-15). The conventions and needs for symbols in various subfields are widely divergent. The present list of symbols for Hydraulics attempts to strike the best possible compromise.
The symbols are listed, firstly, in alphabetical order with the English symbols appearing first, followed by the Greek symbols and, secondly, in conceptual order. A study of the latter listing will indicate certain rules that tend to apply to the symbols used. These may assist those wishing to adopt symbols for new or more specialized concepts. Thus angled are usually identified by Greek letters, and usually those appearing early in the alphabet, while English letters are used for geometric properties (length, volume), forces and kinematic quantities. Greek symbols are commonly used for fluid properties. In the case of the basic dimensionless parameters or numbers which are used in various branched of fluid mechanics, these are English capital letters with one exception (a). It is felt desirable to diverge from the standard adopted for Aeronautical Sciences (Y 10.7 – 1954 originally designated Z10) in the interests of simplicity. Thus, instead of symbolizing Reynolds Number as NRe or Re, the symbol R is chosen. It is recommended that all these basic dimensionless parameters F, M, R, W and σ be represented by bold face letters. In cases where there is no chance of confusion with other uses of these letters, ordinary capital letters (except for σ) may be used. One strong reason for this more straightforward choice of symbols for the dimensionless parameters is immediately evident to anyone attempting to use subscripts (thus RL instead of NReL). (To achieve a less complex method of typesetting, it is felt to be worth the simplicity and emphases obtained in the bold face designation adopted.)
The final approval and designation by the American Standards Association was granted on June 18, 1958.
THIS comparatively short list of symbols is an attempt to be universal rather than comprehensive. Reasonable conformity has been achieved with the symbols in such basic fields as mechanics and closely associated fields such as aerodynamics. The subfields of hydraulics that have been reviewed in composing this list of symbols is extensive, the principal ones being:
a. Hydraulic Turbo-Machinery
b. Water Waved
c. Sediment Transport
d. Hydrology
e. Industrial Hydraulics f. Water Hammer
g. Naval Architecture
In some of these subfields, workers have essentially standardized their symbols. In Water Hammer, the ASME Hydraulics Division, Committee on Water Hammer are in agreement on the symbols recommended in 1933. For Water, the University of California 1951 report "Waves. Tides and Beached: Glossary of Terms and List of Standard Symbols, " (Report Series 3 – Issue 333), represents a reasonable standard. In the field of Naval Architecture, international agreement has been reached on a List of Symbols adopted in 1951 by the Sixth International Conference of Ship Tank Superintendents (Proceedings published by SNAME, 1953, pp. 13-15). The conventions and needs for symbols in various subfields are widely divergent. The present list of symbols for Hydraulics attempts to strike the best possible compromise.
The symbols are listed, firstly, in alphabetical order with the English symbols appearing first, followed by the Greek symbols and, secondly, in conceptual order. A study of the latter listing will indicate certain rules that tend to apply to the symbols used. These may assist those wishing to adopt symbols for new or more specialized concepts. Thus angled are usually identified by Greek letters, and usually those appearing early in the alphabet, while English letters are used for geometric properties (length, volume), forces and kinematic quantities. Greek symbols are commonly used for fluid properties. In the case of the basic dimensionless parameters or numbers which are used in various branched of fluid mechanics, these are English capital letters with one exception (a). It is felt desirable to diverge from the standard adopted for Aeronautical Sciences (Y 10.7 – 1954 originally designated Z10) in the interests of simplicity. Thus, instead of symbolizing Reynolds Number as NRe or Re, the symbol R is chosen. It is recommended that all these basic dimensionless parameters F, M, R, W and σ be represented by bold face letters. In cases where there is no chance of confusion with other uses of these letters, ordinary capital letters (except for σ) may be used. One strong reason for this more straightforward choice of symbols for the dimensionless parameters is immediately evident to anyone attempting to use subscripts (thus RL instead of NReL). (To achieve a less complex method of typesetting, it is felt to be worth the simplicity and emphases obtained in the bold face designation adopted.)
The final approval and designation by the American Standards Association was granted on June 18, 1958.